Milk contains all the essential nutrients like fats, proteins, and minerals. The utilization of contaminated food can induce a proportion of pesticides in the body. The main purpose of the study was to determine the pesticide residues and current status of breast milk in primiparous and multiparous mothers. In a current study, a total of 50 samples were collected from different areas of District Gilgit and Astore. The pesticides cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and chlorpyrifos were analyzed using gas chromatography. The presence of cypermethrin in 10 samples was in a range 0.00 – 0.012 mg/kg, while the detection of Deltamethrin in 07 with variation from 0.000.12mg/kg. Whereas chlorpyrifos was found in 05 samples with the ranges of 0.00-0.0062 mg/kg. Residue level was quite higher in urban areas than rural areas. The multiparous women had prominent residues level than primiparas and the concentration of Deltamethrin was higher than other pesticides. All the pesticides residues levels in the breast milk of primiparous and multiparous mothers were within the permissible limits of WHO. Yet the women of these areas are not vulnerable but prolong exposure may pose a serious threat to neonatal and maternal health and other relevant reproductive issues. To manage the risk of milk contamination in the future, the demand for public awareness campaigns and the adoption of alternative clean approaches to control pests and other disease-spreading vectors in the best interests of public health seems reasonable.

Keratinolytic microorganisms and their enzymes are associated with poultry feather degradation. In the present study feathers of Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) and surrounding dry soil was collected from a private poultry sheds located in Jahman village near Lahore. Bacteria were isolated by using enrichment techniques and screened for their proteolytic activity on skim agar. Isolated Bacteria were colonially, morphologically and biochemically characterized and named as SNC1, SNC2, SNC3, SNC4, SCH1, SCH2, SCH3 and SCH4. Results showed closed similarity of bacterial isolates with bacillus species. Effect of various media (LB-broth and Nutrient broth), pHs (7 and 8) and temperatures (4, 37, and 50?) were recorded on bacterial growth and feather degradation. Bacterial cell densities and amount of keratin produced per gram feather weight were high at temperature 50? and pH 8.0. The feather degradation by bacterial isolates was confirmed at different time intervals using stereomicroscopes. The protein analysis of G. gallus domesticus feathers showed protein contents of 3.125g/100 ml. It was concluded high temperature and alkaline pH favored keratin production by bacterial consortia. Moreover, the bacterial isolates used in the current study have the potential to degrade poultry feather waste and extracted keratin is found to be promising for further exploitation of poultry waste.

When calamity strikes, it causes damage but it also provides opportunities for newer learnings opportunities and better preparedness to combat menace. Pakistan is agrarian economy and comprises fertile plains. According to Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, agriculture contributes to 24 percent of national Gross Domestic Product. Agriculture is dependent on water needs, met through water channels fed by rivers originating mostly from glacial sources existing in northern part of the country. The country hosts five major rivers, namely Indus Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej. The dendritic river patterns follow gravity flow causing frequent morphological changes and riverbank erosion is the most significant phenomenon which acts as hazard for farming communities in terms of loss of shelter, livelihood, and landholdings. An in-time identification of the issue is the real concern nowadays. Presently, different tools are available for instant interpretation of riverbank erosion like Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS), which are not only good for instant identification but also helpful for precise estimation of historical losses. Landsat images for years 2009, 2013, and 2017 have used to make an initial assessment of erosion hotspots. High-resolution satellite imagery from Google Earth is also used for meticulous analysis. The analysis shows that beyond other factors, average riverbank displacement rate due to erosion directly depends on rise in water levels. The study provides systematic bases to estimate the losses precisely. The study is useful for damages assessment of land and livelihood to device relief packages for the affected communities. The study also builds the capacity in resolving land settlement issues consequent to the riverbank erosion phenomenon.

The healthcare industry has a huge volume of patients’ health records but the discovery of hidden information using data mining techniques is missing. Data mining and its algorithm can help in this situation. This study aims to discover the hidden pattern from symptoms to detect early Stress Echocardiography before using Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT). During this study, raw ETT data of 776 patients are obtained from private heart clinic “The Heart Center Bahawalpur”, Bahawalpur, South Punjab, Pakistan. Duke treadmill score (DTS) is an output of ETT which classifies a patient’s heart is working normally or abnormally. In this work multiple machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), J.48, and Random Forest (RF) are used to classify patients’ hearts working normally or not using general information about a patient like a gender, age, body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) Systolic, BP Diastolic, etc. along with risk factors information like Diabetes Mellitus, Family History, Hypertension, Obesity, Old Age, Post-Menopausal, Smoker, Chest Pain and Shortness Of Breath (SOB). During this study, it is observed that the best accuracy of 85.16% is achieved using the Logistic Regression algorithm using the split percentage of 60-40.

Coal is a carbon containing non-renewable fossil fuel and one of the major contributors of climate change and global warming. We used TANSO FTS instrument in order to obtain the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide through datasets obtained from GOSAT satellite. GIOVANNI was also used to obtain atmospheric concentration of various gases. Burning of coal causes emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and black carbon (BC) in atmosphere which are responsible for nearly 0.3°C of 1°C rise in temperature. The annual average value of carbon emission for the year 2010 and 2019 is 388.4 ppm and 409 ppm respectively. Since the pre-industrial times CO2 concentrations have increased up to100 PPM (36%) in the last two and a half centuries (250 years).In South Asia Dhaka has the worst quality of air as CO2 concentration (6.7%) is higher than the country’s GDP (5.25%) and energy consumption (4.77%). While an increasing trend GHG has been observed in Lahore up to 5.5 %. This study concludes that the high concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is responsible for average rise of 1.2 °C temperature annually. This temperature rise can lead to adverse climatic conditions i.e., melting of glaciers which will consequently rise the sea level various landmasses may disappear by 2050.

Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is a growing public issue and fall among the four top causes of mortality and morbidity globally. The main objective of this study was to identify the causes and protective measures of road traffic accidents in Bahawalpur City. Primary data was gathered through a structured questionnaire during a field survey in selected five public places as sample sites i.e. Larry Ada, University Chowk, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), One Unit Chowk, and Melad Chowk. Secondary data of road accidents was gathered form National Highway and Motor Way Police (NH&MP) while primary data was gathered from 150 respondents (30 from each study site) and analyzed in SPSS software by applying descriptive statistics and road accident risk index (RARI). Findings revealed that the main causes of these accidents include increase in population (62.66%), increase in demand for vehicles (22%), bike drivers (69.33%), overtaking of the vehicles (51.33%), over speed and hustle to reach the destination (34.66%). One wheeling is also a major reason, which results in the death of teenage drivers (52%), violation of the traffic rules (25.33%). RARI results also suggest the relationship between the affected persons and the road traffic accidents. Lastly, few suggestions were proposed to overcome the ratio and severity of road traffic accidents because these accidents are predictable and largely preventable through multi-disciplinary coherent strategies.